***  O'ZBEK  TILI   *   UZBEK  LANGUAGE  ***

 

***  PART II  ***

 

 

 

 

 

<= PART I

 

 

 

 

Words to memorize:

 

 

o’lka – country; province

yurt – homeland, people

mamlakat – country, state

davlat – state

Vatan – fatherland

yurtboshi – head of state

poytaxt – capital (city)

markaz – center

mavze – district

mahalla – district, neighbourhood

tuman – administrative district; fog

manzil – address

ahîli – population, inhabitants

hokim – mayor, governor

ko'prik – bridge

bozor – market

bekat – station

bino – building

qavat – floor; layer

deraza – window

darvoza – gate

qo'shni – neighbour

tashqari – outside, exterior

sayr – walk, stroll

qadam – step

birlashgan  – united

millatlar  – nation

tashkilot – organization

Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti – United Nations Organization

 

 

 

Confusion with affixes

 

 

1. Affix –di

 

It is used in two cases: in the 3rd person of the present-future and in all three persons of the obvious past.

It must be remembered that in the present-future it is used only in the 3rd person, where it is preceded by the affix -a or –y.

 

Examples:

 

U ikki soatdan keyin uyg'onadi – He will wake up in two hours   (Present-Future)

U osmonga qaraydi – He looks at the sky   (Present-Future)

Men buni xohlamadim – I Didn't Want That     (Definite Past)

Siz uxladingiz – You were sleeping   (Definite Past)

U hamma narsani ko'rdi – He saw everything   (Definite Past)

In the Present Continuous –di turns into –ti:

Hozir yomg'ir yog'yapti – It's raining now.

 

2. Most of the confusion arises with the affixes -(i)ng, -(i)ngiz, -ning

 

There may be 4 reasons for their use.

The first is the imperative-subjunctive mood, the 2nd person, the polite form (-(i)ng) or the plural (-(i)ngiz).

The second is the possessive affix, the 2nd person, –(i)ng and -(i)ngiz.

The third is the personal ending (group II), the 2nd person, -di+ng or –di+ngiz.

The fourth is the affix of possessive case -ning.

 

Examples:

 

Uyga qayting – Come back home   (imperative, polite form)

Uyga qaytingiz – Come back home   (imperative, plural or very polite form)

Siz qachon keldingiz? – When did you come?   (past tense, that is –di + affix of group II)

sening ko'zing – your eye   (affix of possessive case and possessive affix)

sizning chelakingiz – your bucket   (affix of possessive case and possessive affix)

bolangiz – your child   (possessive affix)

uning bolasi – his child   (affix of possessive case)

 

3. Affix -siz

 

It can be either the personal ending (group I) of the 2nd person plural, or the affix of negation.

 

Examples:

 

Siz hozir va kelajak haqida o'ylayapsiz – You are thinking about the present and the future

U bolasiz – He is childless.

 

4. Affix -miz

 

This is either an affix of belonging, or a personal ending (group I) of the 1st person of the plural.

 

Examples:

 

Ertaga biz daryoga boramiz – Tomorrow we will go to the river

Bolamiz bilan kim o'ynayapti? – Who is playing with our child?

 

 

 

We will use the terms: "the personal ending of group I" is like, for example, in the Present-Future tense;  "personal ending of group II" - as in the Definite Past tense.

 

 

 

chap, o'ng, to'g'ri

 

 

o'ng – right

o'ng qo’l – right hand

o'ngda OR o'ng qo’l tomonda – on the right

o'ngdan – from the right

o’ngga èëè o’ng qo’lga – to the right

 

chap – left

chapda – on the left

chapdan – from the left

chapga – to the left

 

to'g'ri – straight; right, true, correct; honest

to'g'rida – about

Ishlar to'g'rida gapiraylik – Let's talk about business

to'g'ridan-to'g'ri – directly about something

to'g'riga – straight to

 

 

 

qarab - ïî íàïðàâëåíèþ ê ...

qarab – towards …

 

 

This word is derived from qaramoq (to look).

 

Examples:

 

Shunday matnlar chapdan o’ngga qarab yoziladi – Such texts are written from left to right

Katta binoga qarab boring – Go towards the big building

U ko’chaning o’rtasida turib, binoga qarab turdi – He stood in the middle of the street and looked at the building

 

 

 

Metals

 

 

metall – metal

qora metallar – ferrous metals

rangli metallar – non-ferrous metals           

asl metallar – noble metals    (asl - root, basis, essence)

 

temir – iron

tunuka – sheet iron

oq tunuka – tinned iron

ruh tunuka – zinc plated iron

po'lat – steel

zanglamaydigan po'lat – stainless steel   (zang - corrosion, zanglamoq – to corrode)

 

mis – copper

birinj – bronze

jez – brass

 

qalay – tin          

qo'rg'oshin – lead

ruh – zinc; spirits, mood, spirit

simob – mercury

 

oltin, tilla, zar – gold              

kumush – silver

 

qotishma – alloy

mis bilan rux qotishmasi – copper-zinc alloy

 

zirh – armour

ruda – ore

 

 

 

Simplified use of compound verbs with "-ol"

 

 

Previously, we analyzed that in order to say about the ability or willingness to do something, compound verbs with the relevant verb form "olmoq" are used:

Men buni qila olaman – I can do it

Men buni qila olmayman – I cann’t do it

 

In spoken Uzbek, the present gerundive suffix -A is dropped and the two components are pronounced as a single verb.

This is not the case for the suffix -Y in verbs ending with a vowel.

 

Examples:

 

kelolaman – I can come

kelolmaydi – He can't come

Men borolmayman – I can't go

Iltimosingizni bajarolmaymiz – We cannot fulfill your request

Man nima ham qilolaman? – What else can I do?

 

 

 

Words to memorize:

 

 

baliq – fish

ov – hunting; baliq ovi – fishing

qush – bird

suv – water

havo – air

soy – stream

soya – shade

soyabon – umbrella

daraxt – tree

daraxtzor – wooded area, wood

o'rmon –  wood

terak – poplar; oq terak – white  poplar

o'smoq – to grow

pishmoq – to cook, to bake; to ripen

… iborat – consisting of ...

kasb – craft, profession

hunar – skill, craft, handicraft

ko'tarmoq – to lift, to raise; to carry; to bear

kutmoq – to wait

 

 

 

Uzbek words similar to words in Germanic languages

Part I

 

 

There are many words in the Germanic languages that sound like modified Turkic ones.

I think the reason for this is the origin of the Germanic languages. I hint: the Germans came to Europe from the east.

You can also pay attention to the fact that the Germanic runes are suspiciously similar to the Turkic ones.

 

men (eng. “I”) ~ me

mening, meniki = my, mine

 

demoq = to tell

menga degin = tell me

 

yil = year

bir yil oldin (eng. “a year ago”) ~ one year old

 

tish = tooth

 

so'ylamoq = to say

 

idish = dish

 

o'rdak = duck

 

yer = earth, ground (eng.), erde (germ.); ~ yard (eng.), yeomen (eng.)

 

 

 

Compound words to memorize – 3:

 

 

yo'l - road

yo'l-yo'l - striped, stripy

 

kul - ash

kul-kul - into smithereens

 

qul - slave

qul-qul - turkey hen

 

xil - sort

xil-xil - varied, manifold

 

xol - birthmark, mole

xol-xol – spotty

 

chil - partridge; forty (from Farsi)

chil-chil - into smithereens

 

shol - shawl, woollens

shol-shol - to feel very unwell, to feel weakness, pain all over the body

 

 

 

Confusion – 1

 

 

javob – answer

javon – cupboard

 

janob – master

janub – south

 

shamol – winter

shimol – north

 

soy – stream

soya – shadow

 

mavzu – theme

mavze – district

 

to'qimoq – to weave, to spin

to'qmoq – wooden hammer, maul

so'qmoq – footpath

 

echki – goat

ichki – inner

 

o’tkazmoq – to conduct

o’tqazmoq – to  offer a seat, to make sit down

 

chekka – outermost

chakka – temple

 

er – husband

yer – earth

 

o'smoq – to grow up

o'tmoq – to pass through